Using a framework of Mãori models for health to promote the health of Mãori

This paper examines three Mãori health models for promoting the health of Mãori. They are applied to a case study, the growing crisis of type 2 diabetes in Mãori communities in Aotearoa me Te Wai Pounamu (New Zealand). In the paper indigenous health models are used to reflect on modern health problems of indigenous peoples through the eyes of indigenous peoples. Firstly, using The Treaty of Waitaki as a model we are able to create the policy framework that will enable the health system to promote appropriate policies and programmes for Mãori. Secondly, using Whare Tapa Wha (the four cornerstones of health) we are able to tease out the cultural, social, psychosocial and physical determinants of health. This model of health enables the development of health promotion programmes that respond to these key health determinants and therefore are more likely to be effective. Finally, using Mason Durie’s Te Pae Mahutoka (the Southern Cross) we are able to identify and implement the essential elements of an effective health promotion programme that meets the needs of Mãori. Using these three models together enables the development of a comprehensive approach to Mãori health and health promotion. This will hopefully assist health promoters, service providers, policy makers, researchers and Mãori in meeting Mãori health needs. Note: Te reo Mãori used in this paper is written in the dialect of the Kai Tahu, Kati Mamoe iwi; ie the letter k replaces the more commonly used ng. l April 2009 No. 29 & 30th